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Basics of Access Control

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Can anyone give me the basic understanding of Access control, or any material or website would be appreciated. I do not know anything about Access control, How it works, what issues do we get and what are the troubleshooting steps which are needed for that.

 

Thanks and Regards

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"Access Control" is a pretty broad subject, could you be a little more specific what sort of info you're after? Even the doorman at a nightclub is a form of access control...

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Access control system is very popular door entry control system across the world nowadays, it could replace the traditional locks and keys for door or passage open/close.

 

By RFID card(contactless card), or other access tools, such as password keypad, fingerprint reader, access control system could authorize some people for entering a certain groups of areas, plus access control time zones, the areas are only opened to the authorized people, eventually all access control history could be stored into database.

 

On the other hand, access control system could provide time attendance report based on same hardware without adding any extra cost, administrators could easily modify the attendance rules as per company policy.

 

Are you going to buy the devices? or just study the knowledge of the system? please clarify so we can tell you a useful website.

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In a typical access control system you have four components on a door:

1. card reader to read someones credentials presented with an RFID card typically, sometimes accompanied by typing in a pin.

2. Electronic lock - a lock on the door which the access control system can control by providing or disconnecting power.

3. Door Position Switch - this is a magnetic switch in the top of the door frame so the system can tell if the door is open or closed, and provide an alarm if needed.

4. Request to Exit motion sensor - this is a motion sensor mounted on the secure side of the door which activates a relay when someone is there. The access control system reads the relay, and knows to automatically unlock the door so the person can exit.

 

All 4 of these basic components are wired back to an access control controller which has inputs, relay outputs, power, and inputs for the card reader and all other associated devices. There are many different ways this part of the process is done, some have a controller board at the door, some have special card readers that everything wire too, some have everything homerun back to a closet somewhere containing all the necessary equipment.

 

The controller is usually connected to a network somewhere and a server sits on the network checking if there's a valid card read, making sure the doors are closed, unlocks them when they need to, etc. and talking to the controller to make sure it's doing what it needs to do.

 

That's how a very generic system typical access control system works. The 4 components at the door are pretty standard on every system, but how the head end works has a pretty wide variance.

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